Adding It Up (National Research Council, page 16)—
5 Attributes of Proficiency

Target Skills
Related PAL II Subtests

1. Conceptual Understanding
  • Oral Counting
  • Place Value
  • Part-Whole Relationships

2. Procedural Fluency

Computational Operations—Verbal Explanation and Problem Solution

3. Strategic Competence
(formulate and represent math problems)
  • Multi-Step Problem Solving
  • Part-Whole Time

4. Adaptive Reasoning (e.g. explanation)

Computation Operations— Verbal Explanation

5. Procedural Disposition
(seeing math as sensible)
  • Place Value—Problem Response Written
  • Finding the Bug
  • Part-Whole Concept