National Mathematics Advisory Panel Final Report To prepare K to 6 students for success in algebra in middle school and high school, students need to develop these skills in elementary school (page 19, NMAP)

Target Skills	Related PAL II Subtests
1. Key Target Skills
Conceptual Understanding	Oral Counting Place Value Part-Whole Relationships (Time)
Computational Fluency	Fact Retrieval Computation Operations Finding the Bug
Problem Solving	Multi-Step Problem Solving Place Value (Part C) Part-Whole Relationships (Time) Quantitative Working Memory
2. Other Targeted Skills
Number Sense (page 27, NMAP)
Basic Counting Skills	Oral Counting
Place Value	Place Value
Basic Arithmetic Operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)	Math Fact Retrieval Computation Operations
Fluency with whole numbers (page 17, NMAP)
Place Value	Place Value
Basic Operations (Algorithms)	Fact Retrieval Computation Operations Finding the Bug
Applying Operations to Problem Solving	Multi-Step Problem Solving Place Value (Part C) Part-Whole Relationships (Time) Quantitative Working Memory
Automatic Recall of Number Facts	Fact Retrieval
Fluency with Fractions and Decimals (page 18, NMAP)
Part-Whole Relationships (fractions and mixed numbers)	Part-Whole Fractions and Mixed Numbers
Place Value (whole numbers + decimals)	Place Value
3. Number Line Representations (page 29, NMAP)	Many of the recommended interventions in the PAL II M Test Administration Manual and PAL II User Guides involve number line representations.